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Component
Component video is a type of analog video information that is transmitted or stored as two or more separate signals. more...
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Component video can be contrasted with composite video (such as NTSC or PAL) in which all the video information is combined into a single signal such as a TV broadcast. Currently, component video connections are being rivaled by digital DVI and HDMI interfaces.
Analog component video
Analog video signals (also called components) must provide information about the amount of red, green, and blue to create a television image. The simplest type, RGB, consists of three discrete red, green and blue signals sent down three coaxial cables with RCA connectors. There are a number of schemes which vary according to how synchronization is handled. If a synchronization signal is sent on the green channel, it is called sync-on-green. Some schemes use a separate sync channel, for instance the European SCART connection scheme in which the video signal occupies four (R,G,B + sync) of the 21 pins in the interface. SVGA, another RGB scheme, is used worldwide for computer monitors (this is sometimes known as RGBHV, as the horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses are sent on separate lines).
An alternative type of componentization does not use R,G,B components but rather a colorless component, termed luma combined with one or more color-carrying components, termed chroma, that give only color information. Converting video into luma and chroma allows for chroma subsampling. The Y'PbPr scheme is usually what is meant when people talk of component video today. Many consumer DVD players, plasma displays, video projectors and the like, uses this form of color coding. These connections are commonly and mistakenly labeled with terms like "YUV" and Y, B-Y, R-Y. This is inaccurate since Y'UV, Y'PbPr, and Y' B'-Y' R'-Y' differ in their scale factors.
In component video systems, additional synchronization signals may need to be sent along with the images. The synchronization signals are commonly transmitted on one or two separate wires, or embedded in the blanking period of one or all of the components. In computing, the common standard is for two extra wires to carry the horizontal and vertical components ('separate syncs'), whereas in video applications it is more usual to embed the sync signal in the Y' component ('sync on luma').
S-Video is another type of component video signal (transferring Y'UV when used for PAL video and Y'IQ when used for NTSC video), because the luma (Y') and chroma (UV or IQ) signals are transmitted on separate wires. This connection type, however, cannot produce high definition pictures with more than 480 interlaced lines of video for NTSC or more than 576 lines of interlaced video for PAL.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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