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Headsets
The headset is the component on a bicycle which provides a rotatable interface between the bicycle fork and the bicycle frame itself. The short tube through which the steerer of the fork runs is called the headtube. more...
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A typical headset consists of two cups which are pressed into the top and bottom of the headtube. Inside the two cups are bearings which provide a low friction contact between the bearing cup and the steerer.
Headset sizes
Traditional bicycle head tubes and headsets are sized for a 1 inch diameter steerer tube. Many frame and fork manufacturers are now building their parts around a steerer tube with a diameter of 1 1/8 inch. The larger diameter of the head tube and headset gives added stiffness to the steering portion of the bicycle.
List of common sizes
1";
1.125";
1.25";
1.5" As used in the OnePointFive International Standard.;
Cannondale Headshok. Although a Headshok steerer is very close to 1.5" it is actually 1.5625". The Headtube dimensions for 1.5" and Headshok are very similar, differing only in the minimum press depth.;
Threaded headsets
Threaded headsets are for use with threaded steerers and are the traditional headset (as shown in the above picture). There are 8 parts in a threaded headset (from bottom to top); crown race, lower bearings, lower frame cup, upper frame cup, upper bearings, upper cone, lock washer, top cap. The bearings may be of the sealed type (deep groove balls bearings or roller bearings), tapered roller or needle bearings or loose ball bearings (sometime retained in a cage). The order of installation of a typical headset follows. The steerer tube is cut to the appropriate length, the top inch of the steerer is threaded using a die, an operation normally done by the fork manufacturer. The threads are normally of the ISO standard, 1" by 24tpi, but other standards do exist. The cups are pressed into the headtube using a special press, to ensure they are square and true. The crown race is pressed on to the fork crown and the bearings are placed on top of the race, after which the steerer tube is inserted in to the headtube. The upper bearings are placed in the upper cup and the upper cone, which incorporates a cover, is screwed on to the steerer. A locking washer is placed on the steerer tube and the top cap is screwed on top of that. The adjustment of the headset to remove play is as follows; the upper cone is screwed down until it contacts the bearings in the upper cup. A slight preload is applied, 1/8 or 1/4 of a turn of the upper cone. The cap is then tightened and the headset is checked for play and smooth operation. Readjustment takes place as necessary. The handlebars are attached to the fork using an attachment bolt through the stem with a wedge shaped bolt and the end, which fits inside the steerer tube and can be adjusted to the correct height without disturbing the headset. To free the stem for adjustment, undo the bolt on the top of the stem a couple of turns and give the bolt a sharp tap to disengage the wedge bolt.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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